My specialty is aquaculture with a bias towards immunology in fish. Fish disease is the major cause of loss in aquaculture. The ever increasing contribution of aquaculture to world fish production has brought about the need for developing effective countermeasures to disease outbreaks. Stimulating natural defence mechanisms (heat shock proteins) is one of the best strategies to combat disease in fish. I am particularly interested in themes relating to the protection of fish against bacterial and fungal diseases. Molecular biology techniques, experiments and field surveys are among the main tools I utilise to test hypotheses.